Which statements describe common initial systemic side effects of Diamox?

• A. Headache and dizziness
• B. GI upset and paresthesias
• C. Rash and pruritus
• D. Cough and sore throat

Answer: (B)

Diamox (acetazolamide) is a systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, which causes bicarbonate loss in the kidney and a mild metabolic acidosis. This shift in acid-base and electrolyte balance commonly produces early systemic side effects most people notice first: gastrointestinal upset such as nausea or decreased appetite, and paresthesias—tingling or numbness in the lips, fingers, or toes. These effects reflect the drug’s effect on body chemistry and nerve conduction. While rash or pruritus can occur because acetazolamide is a sulfonamide derivative, they’re less common as initial complaints, and cough or sore throat are not typical systemic side effects of this medication.