Which adverse ocular effect may be caused by cidofovir, sulfa drugs, or rifabutin?

• A. Anterior uveitis
• B. Conjunctival hyperemia
• C. Keratitis
• D. Retinal detachment

Answer: (A)

Anterior uveitis is the inflammatory reaction in the front part of the eye, affecting the iris and ciliary body. It can be triggered by certain systemic medications, including cidofovir, sulfa drugs, and rifabutin. Each of these agents has the potential to provoke an inflammatory response in the anterior segment, leading to cells and flare in the anterior chamber, eye pain, photophobia, and a ciliary flush. This drug-induced anterior uveitis is distinct from superficial conjunctival redness or corneal involvement (keratitis) and from posterior segment problems like retinal detachment; those findings point to other issues. If this ocular toxicity is suspected, reviewing the offending medication is important, and management typically involves interrupting or adjusting the drug as feasible, along with local therapy such as topical corticosteroids to control inflammation and cycloplegic agents to relieve pain and prevent synechiae, with careful follow-up.